The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7
IEEE Std 1003.1-2008, 2016 Edition
Copyright © 2001-2016 The IEEE and The Open Group

#### NAME

> cos, cosf, cosl - cosine function

#### SYNOPSIS

> ``#include <math.h>
> double cos(double` x`);
> float cosf(float` x`);
> long double cosl(long double` x`);
> ``

#### DESCRIPTION

> [CX] The functionality described on this reference page is aligned with the ISO C standard. Any conflict between the requirements described here and the ISO C standard is unintentional. This volume of POSIX.1-2008 defers to the ISO C standard.

> These functions shall compute the cosine of their argument x, measured in radians.

> An application wishing to check for error situations should set errno to zero and call feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT) before calling these functions. On return, if errno is non-zero or fetestexcept(FE_INVALID | FE_DIVBYZERO | FE_OVERFLOW | FE_UNDERFLOW) is non-zero, an error has occurred.

#### RETURN VALUE

> Upon successful completion, these functions shall return the cosine of x.

> [MX] If x is NaN, a NaN shall be returned.

> If x is ±0, the value 1.0 shall be returned.

> If x is ±Inf, a domain error shall occur, and a NaN shall be returned.

#### ERRORS

> These functions shall fail if:

> Domain Error
>   [MX] The x argument is ±Inf.

>   If the integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERRNO) is non-zero, then errno shall be set to [EDOM]. If the integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) is non-zero, then the invalid floating-point exception shall be raised.

The following sections are informative.

#### EXAMPLES

> ##### Taking the Cosine of a 45-Degree Angle

>     #include <math.h>
>     ...
>     double radians = 45 * M_PI / 180;
>     double result;
>     ...
>     result = cos(radians);

#### APPLICATION USAGE

> These functions may lose accuracy when their argument is near an odd multiple of /2 or is far from 0.

> On error, the expressions (math_errhandling & MATH_ERRNO) and (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) are independent of each other, but at least one of them must be non-zero.

#### RATIONALE

> None.

#### FUTURE DIRECTIONS

> None.

#### SEE ALSO

> acos, feclearexcept, fetestexcept, isnan, sin, tan

> XBD Treatment of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions, <math.h>

#### CHANGE HISTORY

> First released in Issue 1. Derived from Issue 1 of the SVID.

#### Issue 5

> The DESCRIPTION is updated to indicate how an application should check for an error. This text was previously published in the APPLICATION USAGE section.

#### Issue 6

> The cosf() and cosl() functions are added for alignment with the ISO/IEC 9899:1999 standard.

> The DESCRIPTION, RETURN VALUE, ERRORS, and APPLICATION USAGE sections are revised to align with the ISO/IEC 9899:1999 standard.

> IEC 60559:1989 standard floating-point extensions over the ISO/IEC 9899:1999 standard are marked.

#### Issue 7

> POSIX.1-2008, Technical Corrigendum 1, XSH/TC1-2008/0063 [320] is applied.

End of informative text.

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