The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7
IEEE Std 1003.1-2008, 2016 Edition
Copyright © 2001-2016 The IEEE and The Open Group

#### NAME

> sem_timedwait - lock a semaphore

#### SYNOPSIS

> ``#include <semaphore.h>
> #include <time.h>
> int sem_timedwait(sem_t *restrict` sem`,
> const struct timespec *restrict` abstime`);
> ``

#### DESCRIPTION

> The sem_timedwait() function shall lock the semaphore referenced by sem as in the sem_wait() function. However, if the semaphore cannot be locked without waiting for another process or thread to unlock the semaphore by performing a sem_post() function, this wait shall be terminated when the specified timeout expires.

> The timeout shall expire when the absolute time specified by abstime passes, as measured by the clock on which timeouts are based (that is, when the value of that clock equals or exceeds abstime), or if the absolute time specified by abstime has already been passed at the time of the call.

> The timeout shall be based on the CLOCK_REALTIME clock. The resolution of the timeout shall be the resolution of the clock on which it is based. The timespec data type is defined as a structure in the <time.h> header.

> Under no circumstance shall the function fail with a timeout if the semaphore can be locked immediately. The validity of the abstime need not be checked if the semaphore can be locked immediately.

#### RETURN VALUE

> The sem_timedwait() function shall return zero if the calling process successfully performed the semaphore lock operation on the semaphore designated by sem. If the call was unsuccessful, the state of the semaphore shall be unchanged, and the function shall return a value of -1 and set errno to indicate the error.

#### ERRORS

> The sem_timedwait() function shall fail if:

> [EINVAL]
>   The process or thread would have blocked, and the abstime parameter specified a nanoseconds field value less than zero or greater than or equal to 1000 million.
> [ETIMEDOUT]
>   The semaphore could not be locked before the specified timeout expired.

> The sem_timedwait() function may fail if:

> [EDEADLK]
>   A deadlock condition was detected.
> [EINTR]
>   A signal interrupted this function.
> [EINVAL]
>   The sem argument does not refer to a valid semaphore.

The following sections are informative.

#### EXAMPLES

> The program shown below operates on an unnamed semaphore. The program expects two command-line arguments. The first argument specifies a seconds value that is used to set an alarm timer to generate a SIGALRM signal. This handler performs a sem_post(3) to increment the semaphore that is being waited on in main() using sem_timedwait(). The second command-line argument specifies the length of the timeout, in seconds, for sem_timedwait().

>     #include <unistd.h>
>     #include <stdio.h>
>     #include <stdlib.h>
>     #include <semaphore.h>
>     #include <time.h>
>     #include <assert.h>
>     #include <errno.h>
>     #include <signal.h>

>     sem_t sem;

>     static void
>     handler(int sig)
>     {
>         int sav_errno = errno;
>         static const char info_msg[] = "sem_post() from handler\n";
>         write(STDOUT_FILENO, info_msg, sizeof info_msg - 1);
>         if (sem_post(&sem) == -1) {
>             static const char err_msg[] = "sem_post() failed\n";
>             write(STDERR_FILENO, err_msg, sizeof err_msg - 1);
>             _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
>         }
>         errno = sav_errno;
>     }

>     int
>     main(int argc, char *argv[])
>     {
>         struct sigaction sa;
>         struct timespec ts;
>         int s;

>         if (argc != 3) {
>             fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <alarm-secs> <wait-secs>\n",
>                 argv[0]);
>             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
>         }

>         if (sem_init(&sem, 0, 0) == -1) {
>             perror("sem_init");
>             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
>         }

>         /* Establish SIGALRM handler; set alarm timer using argv[1] */

>         sa.sa_handler = handler;
>         sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
>         sa.sa_flags = 0;
>         if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &sa, NULL) == -1) {
>             perror("sigaction");
>             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
>         }

>         alarm(atoi(argv[1]));

>         /* Calculate relative interval as current time plus
>            number of seconds given argv[2] */

>         if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts) == -1) {
>             perror("clock_gettime");
>             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
>         }
>         ts.tv_sec += atoi(argv[2]);

>         printf("main() about to call sem_timedwait()\n");
>         while ((s = sem_timedwait(&sem, &ts)) == -1 && errno == EINTR)
>             continue;       /* Restart if interrupted by handler */

>         /* Check what happened */

>         if (s == -1) {
>             if (errno == ETIMEDOUT)
>                 printf("sem_timedwait() timed out\n");
>             else
>                 perror("sem_timedwait");
>         } else
>             printf("sem_timedwait() succeeded\n");

>         exit((s == 0) ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
>     }

#### APPLICATION USAGE

> Applications using these functions may be subject to priority inversion, as discussed in XBD Priority Inversion.

#### RATIONALE

> None.

#### FUTURE DIRECTIONS

> None.

#### SEE ALSO

> sem_post, sem_trywait, semctl, semget, semop, time

> XBD Priority Inversion, <semaphore.h>, <time.h>

#### CHANGE HISTORY

> First released in Issue 6. Derived from IEEE Std 1003.1d-1999.

> IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 2-2004, item XSH/TC2/D6/120 is applied, updating the ERRORS section so that the [EINVAL] error becomes optional.

#### Issue 7

> The sem_timedwait() function is moved from the Semaphores option to the Base.

> Functionality relating to the Timers option is moved to the Base.

> An example is added.

> POSIX.1-2008, Technical Corrigendum 1, XSH/TC1-2008/0529 [138] is applied.

End of informative text.

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