The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7
IEEE Std 1003.1-2008, 2016 Edition
Copyright © 2001-2016 The IEEE and The Open Group

#### NAME

> munmap - unmap pages of memory

#### SYNOPSIS

> ``#include <sys/mman.h>
> int munmap(void *`addr`, size_t` len`);
> ``

#### DESCRIPTION

> The munmap() function shall remove any mappings for those entire pages containing any part of the address space of the process starting at addr and continuing for len bytes. Further references to these pages shall result in the generation of a SIGSEGV signal to the process. If there are no mappings in the specified address range, then munmap() has no effect.

> The implementation may require that addr be a multiple of the page size as returned by sysconf().

> If a mapping to be removed was private, any modifications made in this address range shall be discarded.

> [ML|MLR] Any memory locks (see mlock and mlockall) associated with this address range shall be removed, as if by an appropriate call to munlock().

> [TYM] If a mapping removed from a typed memory object causes the corresponding address range of the memory pool to be inaccessible by any process in the system except through allocatable mappings (that is, mappings of typed memory objects opened with the POSIX_TYPED_MEM_MAP_ALLOCATABLE flag), then that range of the memory pool shall become deallocated and may become available to satisfy future typed memory allocation requests.

> A mapping removed from a typed memory object opened with the POSIX_TYPED_MEM_MAP_ALLOCATABLE flag shall not affect in any way the availability of that typed memory for allocation.

> The behavior of this function is unspecified if the mapping was not established by a call to mmap().

#### RETURN VALUE

> Upon successful completion, munmap() shall return 0; otherwise, it shall return -1 and set errno to indicate the error.

#### ERRORS

> The munmap() function shall fail if:

> [EINVAL]
>   Addresses in the range [addr,addr+len) are outside the valid range for the address space of a process.
> [EINVAL]
>   The len argument is 0.

> The munmap() function may fail if:

> [EINVAL]
>   The addr argument is not a multiple of the page size as returned by sysconf().

The following sections are informative.

#### EXAMPLES

> None.

#### APPLICATION USAGE

> None.

#### RATIONALE

> The munmap() function corresponds to SVR4, just as the mmap() function does.

> It is possible that an application has applied process memory locking to a region that contains shared memory. If this has occurred, the munmap() call ignores those locks and, if necessary, causes those locks to be removed.

> Most implementations require that addr is a multiple of the page size as returned by sysconf().

#### FUTURE DIRECTIONS

> None.

#### SEE ALSO

> mlock, mlockall, mmap, posix_typed_mem_open, sysconf

> XBD <sys/mman.h>

#### CHANGE HISTORY

> First released in Issue 4, Version 2.

#### Issue 5

> Moved from X/OPEN UNIX extension to BASE.

> Aligned with munmap() in the POSIX Realtime Extension as follows:

> - The DESCRIPTION is extensively reworded.

> - The SIGBUS error is no longer permitted to be generated.

#### Issue 6

> The munmap() function is marked as part of the Memory Mapped Files and Shared Memory Objects option.

> The following new requirements on POSIX implementations derive from alignment with the Single UNIX Specification:

> - The DESCRIPTION is updated to state that implementations require addr to be a multiple of the page size.

> - The [EINVAL] error conditions are added.

> The following changes are made for alignment with IEEE Std 1003.1j-2000:

> - Semantics for typed memory objects are added to the DESCRIPTION.

> - The posix_typed_mem_open() function is added to the SEE ALSO section.

> IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 1-2002, item XSH/TC1/D6/36 is applied, changing the margin code in the SYNOPSIS from MF|SHM to MC3 (notation for MF|SHM|TYM).

#### Issue 7

> Austin Group Interpretation 1003.1-2001 #078 is applied, clarifying page alignment requirements.

> The munmap() function is moved from the Memory Mapped Files option to the Base.

End of informative text.

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