[/
 / Copyright (c) 2003-2025 Christopher M. Kohlhoff (chris at kohlhoff dot com)
 /
 / Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
 / file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
 /]

[section:allocators Allocators]

Every asynchronous agent has an associated ['allocator]. An agent's allocator
is an interface used by the agent's asynchronous operations to obtain
['per-operation stable memory] resources (POSMs). This name reflects the fact
that the memory is per-operation because the memory is only retained for the
lifetime of that operation, and stable, because the memory is guaranteed to be
available at that location throughout the operation.

Asynchronous operations may utilise POSMs in a number of different ways:

* The operation doesn't require any POSMs. For example, the operation wraps an
  existing API that performs its own memory management, or is copying the long
  lived state into existing memory like a circular buffer.

* The operation uses a single, fixed-size POSM for as long as the operation is
  outstanding. For example, the operation stores some state in a linked list.

* The operation uses a single, runtime-sized POSM. For example, the operation
  stores a copy of a user-supplied buffer, or a runtime-sized array of iovec
  structures.

* The operation uses multiple POSMs concurrently. For example, a fixed size
  POSM for a linked list plus a runtime-sized POSM for a buffer.

* The operation uses multiple POSMs serially, which may vary in size.

Associated allocators allow users to treat POSM optimisation as a cross-cutting
concern to the composition of asynchronous operations. Furthermore, using
allocators as the interface to obtain POSMs grant substantial flexibility to
both the implementers and users of asynchronous operations:

* Users can ignore the allocator and accept whatever default strategy is
  employed by the application.

* Implementers can ignore the allocator, especially if the operation is not
  considered performance-sensitive.

* Users can co-locate POSMs for related asynchronous operations, for better
  locality of reference. 

* For compositions that involve serial POSMs of different sizes, memory usage
  need only be as great as the currently extant POSM. For example, consider a
  composition that contains a short-lived operation that uses large POSMs
  (connection establishment and handshake) followed by a long-lived operation
  that uses small POSMs (transferring data to and from the peer).

As noted previously, all resources must be released prior to calling the
completion handler. This enables memory to be recycled for subsequent
asynchronous operations within an agent. This allows applications with
long-lived asynchronous agents to have no hot-path memory allocations, even
though the user code is unaware of associated allocators.

[heading See Also]

[link asio.overview.core.allocation Custom Memory Allocation].

[endsect]
